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2. Reverse osmosis calculation formula
The commonly used calculation formula in reverse osmosis process is as follows
1. Recovery rate refers to the percentage of the ratio of the production water flow rate to the inlet water flow rate. The calculation formula is: single-stage rolling combustion system segment front: Recovery rate calculation formula is: Recovery rate=(production water flow rate/inlet water flow rate) × 100%. For example, if the inlet water flow rate is 100m3/h and the production water flow rate is 75m3/h, the recovery rate is 75%. Multi segment system: When the system is divided into multiple segments (such as first level or second level), the total recovery rate is the product of the recovery rates of each segment. For example, if the recovery rate of the first stage is 80% and the recovery rate of the second stage is 90%, the total recovery rate is 80% × 90%=72%
2. Salt Rejection Rate represents the removal efficiency of the reverse osmosis membrane for soluble salts. The calculation formula is: single membrane element: desalination rate=[(influent salt concentration - effluent salt concentration)/influent salt concentration] × 100%. For example, if the influent TDS (total dissolved solids) is 1000mg/L and the effluent TDS is 50mg/L, the desalination rate is [(1000-50)/1000] × 100%=95%. System as a whole: The desalination rate of the system is the weighted average of the desalination rates of each section, which needs to be calculated based on flow and concentration data. Concentrate Flow Rate refers to the flow rate of concentrated liquid that has not passed through the membrane. The calculation formula is: single-stage system: concentrate flow rate=inlet flow rate - product flow rate. For example, if the inlet flow rate is 100m3/h and the product flow rate is 75m3/h, then the concentrate flow rate is 25m3/h. Multi segment system: It needs to be calculated based on the flow distribution of each segment. Usually, the concentrated water flow rate in the rear segment is the difference between the concentrated water flow rate in the front segment and the inflow flow rate in this segment.
4. Membrane flux (Flux) Membrane flux represents the water production rate per unit membrane area, and the calculation formula is: Calculation method: Membrane flux=water production flow rate/membrane effective area. For example, if the water production flow rate is 10m3/h and the membrane effective area is 100m2, then the membrane flux is 10/100=0.1 m3/(m2 · h) (i.e. 10 L/(m2 · h)). Application scenario: Membrane flux is used to evaluate the performance of membrane components, and the design value usually needs to be within the range recommended by the membrane manufacturer (such as 15-30 L/(m2 · h)).
5. Pressure drop refers to the pressure difference between the inlet water and the concentrated water. The calculation formula is: Pressure drop=inlet water pressure - concentrated water pressure. For example, if the inlet water pressure is 1.5 MPa and the concentrated water pressure is 1.2 MPa, the pressure drop is 0.3 MPa. Meaning: Excessive pressure drop may indicate blockage or fouling of the membrane element, which needs to be cleaned or replaced in a timely manner. Osmotic Pressure is the minimum pressure required to prevent solvents from passing through the semi permeable membrane. The calculation formula is: Theoretical formula: π=C × R × T, where π is the osmot